Allozymes in evolutionary genetics: self-imposed burden or extraordinary tool?

Allozymes in evolutionary genetics: self-imposed burden or extraordinary tool?

T HE controversial history of allozyme studies: Alternative heritable forms of enzymes, differing in charge or shape, have been known since the 1940s; these may be alleles of one gene (allozymes) or products of distinct but related genes (isozymes). LEWONTIN and HUBBY (1966), finding an unexpected bonanza of allozyme variation in Drosophila, re-cast the existing debate about the evolutionary me...

The cost of self-imposed regulatory burden in animal research.

U.S. federal regulations and standards governing the care and use of research animals enacted in the mid- to late 1980s, while having positive effects on the welfare and quality of the animals, have resulted in dramatic increases in overall research costs. In addition to the expenses of housing and caring for animals according to the standards, establishing the requisite internal compliance bur...

Extraordinary Opportunity: Genetics of Diabetes

Burden of illness imposed by severe sepsis in Switzerland.

OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the burden of illness imposed by severe sepsis in Switzerland by evaluating the direct and indirect patient-related costs for critically ill patients with severe sepsis. METHODS In order to estimate the direct costs a retrospective analysis was undertaken using records from 61 adult patients treated in three intensive care units (ICUs) in three different...

Evolutionary Genetics Theoretical Population Genetics

Evolutionary genetics studies the patterns and mechanisms of genetic changes underlying evolutionary change. Because biological diversity at all levels (including population, species, and ecosystem diversity) has a genetic basis and is a result of evolution, evolutionary genetics provides insight into the ultimate mechanisms creating biodiversity. Evolutionary genetics utilizes empirical tools ...